Laparoscopic radical cystectomy: an Italian survey

Abstract

Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is the current gold standard procedure for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) has evolved rapidly worldwide during the past decade, despite its complexity due to both the demolitive step with management of a highly aggressive cancer and the reconstructive step. The authors performed a survey to assess the Italian experience with LRC and urinary diversion in an effort to point out the volume of the procedure in their country, providing some surgical details. A total of 10 Italian urologic departments with experts in laparoscopic urologic surgery were contacted and asked to participate in a two-page survey concerning indications for cystectomy, laparoscopic technique, intra- and postoperative complications, and follow-up evaluation of the procedure when available. Five sites elected to participate, and a total of 83 LRCs were collected. All centers used five trocar ports. The mean operative time was 8 h and 40 min, and the estimated blood loss was 376 ml. In two cases, the procedure was converted to open surgery. Postoperative complications consisted of one urinary leakage, one fistula, and one atrium rupture. A retrieval sac was used in all cases. Urinary diversions consisted of 43 ileal conduits, 26 orthotopic diversions, and 14 other techniques. The mean follow-up period was 9 months (range, 1-36 months). No tumor seeding was recorded. The LRC procedure is feasible although technically demanding. The morbidity of this procedure is evident, but may be reduced with further experience. Bowel management and reconstruction remain the most challenging part of the procedure.