Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ

Abstract

Objective To study a modified method of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ.Methods Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ was performed in 5 patients from March 2009 to May 2009.There were 3 males and 2 females,with an average age of 49 years (39 to 63 years).There were 3 tumors in the left kidney and 2 in the right kidney,with an average diameter of 5.6 cm (range,3.8 to 7.0 cm).There were 2 cases of chronic renal insufficiency,1 case of solitary kidney,1 case of contralateral renal atrophy and 1 case of larger benign tumor.The procedure of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ was as follows:A catheter with balloon was placed in the renal artery with percutaneous approach through the femoral artery preoperatively.During the operation the balloon of the catheter was inflated with water in order to block the renal artery,and renal artery perfusion of about 200ml saline of 4 ℃ was conducted through the catheter under high pressure in order to achieve low temperature in situ kidney.The water of the balloon was extracted after the accomplishment of the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Results Laparoscopic partial nephrectomies with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ were carried out successfully in 5 cases.The average operative time was 102 min (80 to 120 min),the average renal artery occlusion time was 35 min (range,29 to 39 min),and the average amount of bleeding was 190 ml(50 to 300 ml).The temperature of skin,kidneys,and tumor after hypothermic perfusion dropped by an average of 0.6℃,10.0 ℃,and 9.8℃,respectively.The endogenous creatinine clearance rate was(84.7±16.9),(48.9±14.5),(52.1±12.4),(54.5±13.8),and(54.6±11.7)ml/min before and 1 day,3 days,5 days and 10 days after operation.There was significant difference among the 5 groups in endogenous creatinine clearance rate(P=0.001).There was significant difference between each 2 groups except that between the group at 5 days and 10 days after operaton,The endogenous creatinine clearance rate kept steady in 5 days after operation.Conclusions Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hypothermic renal artery perfusion in situ is feasible and safe in favor of the extension of renal ischemic time and the protection of renal function.And it has resolved 2 problems in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,that is,the laparoscopic artery occlusion and the hypothermic perfusion. Key words: Hypothermia,induced; Renal artery; Laparoscopy; Nephrectomy