Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in Children: Systematic Review of Transperitoneal and Retroperitoneal Approaches

Abstract

To perform a systematic review of the available medical data concerning laparoscopic nephrectomy in children. For many pediatric urologists, the laparoscopic approach to nephrectomy has become the standard of care. Access can be obtained using a retroperitoneal (RP) or transperitoneal (TP) approach. Previously, debates have argued the advantage of each technique relative to the other. We performed a data search through MEDLINE and PubMed to find reports of laparoscopic nephrectomy, nephroureterectomy, and partial nephrectomy in children. We analyzed the operative time, hospital stay, and rate of complication with each approach. Specifically, we assessed the rate of vascular, solid organ, and bowel injuries. We found 51 articles that reported the outcomes of 689 pediatric nephrectomies. Of these, 401 were RP and 288 were TP laparoscopic renal surgeries in children. The mean patient age for RP and TP was 5.4 years and 4.8 years, respectively. The mean operative time was 129 minutes for RP and 154 minutes for TP. The hospital stay was 2.5 days for RP and 2.3 days for TP. The overall complication rate for RP was 4.3% and for TP was 3.5% (P = .58). The number of vascular injuries for RP was 2 and for TP was 0 (P = .12). The number of bowel injuries for RP was 2 and for TP was 1 (P = .68). According to the available published data, no significant advantage is gained by a RP or TP approach for laparoscopic nephrectomy. Although the operative time for RP was slightly shorter than for TP, the types of cases performed were not directly matched and thus were more challenging to compare. The incidence of vascular and bowel injuries was rare for both approaches. Therefore, the choice of approach should be determined by surgeon preference, patient anatomy, or the procedure to be performed.