Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated that laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can be a valuable blood flow monitoring technique during laparoscopic operations. However, the quantitative accuracy of traditional single-exposure LSCI is limited. In this paper, an extension to LSCI called multi-exposure speckle imaging (MESI) can overcome this limitation and is evaluated in a commercially available laparoscopic setting. Our laparoscopic MESI system records multiple exposure times spanning 3 ms–20 ms. We demonstrate that the laparoscopic MESI estimates provide the sensitivity for sampling the flow magnitude in a phantom with different channel sizes. Conservation of flow analysis on the rabbit vascular branch is also used to validate the accuracy of flow estimates from MESI. Our results demonstrate that laparoscopic MESI can be performed with the ability of quantitative blood flow measurements and shows the potential to be clinically useful for monitoring blood flow.
Highlights
Blood flow monitoring is critical to quantify vascular changes due to tissue injury and to diagnose certain types of abnormal conditions
We show that the multi-exposure speckle imaging (MESI) technique works well in a commercially available laparoscope by imaging flow phantoms as well as rabbit imaging in vivo
We begin with imaging flow phantoms for quantitatively differentiating the fluid flow rates at different channel sizes
Summary
Blood flow monitoring is critical to quantify vascular changes due to tissue injury and to diagnose certain types of abnormal conditions. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a minimally invasive optical technique that has the potential to meet this clinical need. The primary advantage of LSCI is that the information on blood flow can be obtained at high spatial or temporal resolutions using relatively simple and inexpensive instrumentation. Heeman et al. showed the clinical value of laparoscopic LSCI in the first-in-human application They were able to image intestinal blood flow during a vascular occlusion test. All of these studies have shown the potential of laparoscopic LSCI. Considering the received signal intensity, laser speckle images at 11 exposure times ranging from 3 ms to 20 ms are acquired at different frames per-second depending on the selected exposure time and the size of ROI. This range of exposure time falls within a general range of exposure times demonstrated by Yuan.
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