Laparoscopic extralevator APR and perineal reconstruction with a biomesh

Abstract

Despite an increased tendency for sphincter-preserving surgery in the treatment of low rectal cancer, with significant strides achieved in improving local disease control and survival, abdominoperineal excision of the rectum is still often required for cancer of the lower third of the rectum threatening the CRM or infiltrating the sphincters and for squamous anal cancer not responsive to chemoradiation.