Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in adult with asymptomatic partial agenesis of the right diaphragm: Case report and the literature

Abstract

IntroductionThe importance of unilateral diaphragmatic agenesis (DA) in adults for performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy has not been well described in literature. Presentation of caseA 60-year-old female patient entered our ward in March 2019 for laparoscopic cholecystectomy after 6 months history of epigastric pain and multiple episodes of biliary colic treated conservatively. She never complained of pulmonary symptoms. Preoperative chest Computed tomography (CT) was negative for diaphragmatic or pulmonary pathologies. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 60 min with intraoperative detection of a thoracoabdominal communication with partial right hemidiaphragm agenesis. A chest CT and x-ray were performed in the postoperative period with progressive reduction of an asymptomatic small pneumothorax. The patient was discharged at home without complications on the fifth postoperative day. Thoracopulmonary surgery examination was performed without indications for diaphragmatic repair. DiscussionDA is a rare condition and usually occurs in early neonatal period. The congenital form occurs in 1 out of 2200–12500 live births and is traditionally divided into anterior (Morgagni’s: 10%) and posterolateral (Bochdalek’s: 90%) hernias. Chest and abdomen CT with coronal and sagittal reconstructions is the most effective and useful imaging technique for the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia. In literature there are former two case reports of asymptomatic DA in cholelithiasis in which laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed effectively. ConclusionIn adults with partial DA, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed successfully. A conservative management only with gallstones dissolution therapy can be used if laparoscopy cannot be done. Further studies with a higher level of evidence are needed.