LAPAROSCHISIS: ABOUT A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Laparoschisis is a congenital anomaly characterized by the protrusion of abdominal organs, predominantly the intestines, through a defect in the abdominal wall, typically observed on the right side. It is categorized into simple and complex types based on the extent of the defect and involvement of other organs. The estimated prevalence of laparoschisis is approximately 1 in 10,000 births, with variations noted in different regions. Interestingly, certain areas, like New York and Georgia exhibit an increasing trend, particularly among younger mothers. In Morocco, a study carried out at the Les Orangers hospital in Rabat in 2020 showing that the laparoschisis represent 5.1% of musculoskeletal malformations in newborns (equivalent to 1.7per 10,000 total births). Prenatal ultrasound is the primary diagnostic tool, enabling early detection of the abdominal wall defect and protruding organs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide additional information for diagnosis. Treatment options for laparoschisis include primary repair, performed shortly after birth, and delayed closure, which is postponed for a certain period after birth, depending on case-specific factors such as defect size, condition of protruding organs, and the presence of complications such as stenosis and atresia. Prognosis is influenced by the gravity of the malformation and associated conditions, necessitating close obstetrical and neonatal monitoring with tailored interventions for optimal outcomes. To illustrate the practical aspects of laparoschisis management, we present a case study involving a live-born infant diagnosed with laparoschisis at 34 weeks gestation using prenatal ultrasound. A comprehensive one-stage surgical repair was performed on the newborn. This case highlights the importance of early antenatal diagnosis through ultrasound, potential complications, and immediate and secondary management strategies for optimal outcomes in affected infants.