Abstract
Natural language, or ordinary language, is any system of communication that has evolved in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation, says Wikipedia. Its purpose typically is that we can interact in more sophisticated ways than, say, wolves when hunting or bees when collecting nectar or fish when schooling. Natural languages are extremely flexible and so can be used for everything we are capable of interacting, communicating, and expressing. Yet in some domains, using natural language was found to be complicated or awkward, so our ancestors invented special purpose languages. These languages include not only mathematical notation, logical representation, and computer language but also musical notation. They have one common element: They are expressed and perceived visually rather than auditory—so-called semasiographic languages. Like natural languages, each has its specific syntax and semantics. Unlike bees that seem to know and understand their language from birth, we humans only come equipped with the capacity to learn languages.
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