Language as tools for interaction: Grammar and the dynamics of ellipsis resolution

Abstract

In this paper we explore the consequences of defining natural-language syntax as procedures for context-dependent interpretation as argued within Dynamic Syntax. Dynamic Syntax is a formalism where both representations of content and context are defined dynamically and structurally, with time-linear growth across sequences of partial trees as the core notion, presumed to be manipulated by both speaker and hearer alike. The challenge of modelling the notorious heterogeneity of ellipsis effects in conversational dialogue is taken as a case study for establishing the appropriate concept of context. In the light of the success of these assumptions in capturing the diversity of ellipsis within an overall explanation, we argue that foundational assumptions like the competence/performance distinction as regards the nature of linguistic knowledge need to be reconsidered. We argue that the grammar needs to be defined in action-based terms with incrementality and context-dependence as crucial explanatory notions of syntactic/semantic phenomena. As a consequence of taking this perspective, we argue that success in communication may rest in the ongoing interaction between participants, as underpinned by low-level mechanisms of language use like the grammar, rather than in recognising some intended propositional content.