Abstract
In this chapter we will discuss commonalities and differences between first and second language acquisition. We are going to look at different properties of linguistic input that infants, children and adults receive from their caregivers, peers and in classrooms and how they process this input to learn the phonology, lexicon and grammar of the target language. We are also going to explore what kind of cognitive skills enable learners to process their linguistic input and build up an inventory of words and syntactic rules, with a focus on intention reading, executive functions and pattern finding or statistical learning. Finally, we will consider what variables determine success in language learning in adulthood, including factors such as age, the first language, instruction and motivation.
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