Langevin description of heavy-ion collisions within the surface friction model

Abstract

The surface friction model including deformation modes and thermal fluctuations is applied to fusion and deep-inelastic collisions of heavy ions. The Langevin model used in previous work is modified in several respects. The action of the fluctuating force leads to enhanced backscattering of trajectories after they have sormounted the barrier. This gives rise to the formulation of a new criterion for fusion, which leads to a universal description of low-energy heavy-ion scattering. We calculate fusion probabilities, total cross sections for the branching of fusion and deep-inelastic collisions, and fusion spin distributions. A comparison with experimental data for a variety of systems is carried out.