Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition of uncertain etiology resulting from a clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, which mainly affects children. In March 2018, parents of a 1-year-old male patient reported a volume increasing on the right side of the child's jaw. The imaging tests revealed a lytic lesion with aggressive aspect in the mandible. In view of this, it was decided to perform an incisional biopsy of the affected area and subsequent histopathologic examination. The histologic slices showed a diffuse infiltration of large monocyte cell resembling histiocytes, numerous plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. It was concluded that it was an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm. To confirm the diagnosis, immunohistochemical examination was required, which was positive for vimentin (V9), Ki67 (20% of cells), S100, and CD-1 a. Morphologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. After the diagnosis the patient underwent chemotherapy for a minimum of 6 months. Currently, the patient is undergoing treatment and progressing well.
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