Abstract
The study analyzed the impact of landuse types on surface water quality in an emerging urban city. The objectives were to classify the existing landuse types, examine the variation in water quality across different landuse types, examine the quality of surface water using the water quality index, and compare the water quality parameters with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Samples drawn from surface waters were analyzed based on in situ and ex situ analysis according to standard methods. Three landuse types were identified namely residential, vegetated and commercial. The vegetated landuse accounted for the highest landuse type with 74% of land coverage. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the variation in water quality parameters within each landuse type. There was a significant variation in total solids (F = 8.677, P < 0.05), total dissolved solids (F = 7.836, P < 0.05), and total suspended solids (F = 10.365, P < 0.05). Using the water quality index calculator 1.0, a value of 41 was obtained thereby indicating poor quality. Water quality parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards, and it was observed that electrical conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chloride were below WHO permissible limit while total dissolved solids, bacterial load and total solids were above the limit set by WHO. Therefore, there should be a continual intensive water quality monitoring program of surface waters across the area and its immediate environs to maintain healthy lifestyle of the populace and ensure ecosystem balance.
Highlights
Water is an essential natural resource which forms the chief constituent of the ecosystem, and it is very vital for sustenance and livelihood of all life forms
Each sample was analyzed for the following parameters: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), sulfate (SO4), phosphate (PO4), nitrate (NO3), chlorides (Cl), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and bacterial load (Fecal Coliform, fecal coliform (FC)) using standard procedure (APHA 1995)
Three landuse types were identified in the study area: residential, commercial, and vegetated (Fig. 3)
Summary
Water is an essential natural resource which forms the chief constituent of the ecosystem, and it is very vital for sustenance and livelihood of all life forms. Four major direct consequences of landuse on the hydrological cycle have been identified, and these include flood and flood potential; drought; changes in river and groundwater regimes; and water quality in an area (Rogers 2000; Fashae et al 2017a, b). Taking into cognizance the intricate spatial and temporal variation in water quality, two prominent types of information required for an effective management of river water quality have been identified. These are spatial and temporal characteristics of the pollutants and information that relates to the propelling factors influencing the water quality (Ifabiyi 2000; Liu et al 2016; Fashae et al 2017a; Olusola et al 2017). Pullanikkatil et al (2015) argued that there are correlations between systems
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