Abstract
Landslide is that the downslope movement of debris, rocks, or earth material under the influence of the force of gravity. Although the causes and mechanisms of landslides are complicated, human action, earthquakes, and severe rainfall can trigger them. It can happen when the driving force surpasses the resisting force due to natural soil or rock slope destabilization. Landslide is one of the foremost destructive and dangerous natural hazards that cause numerous fatalities and economic losses worldwide. Therefore, landslide investigation, susceptibility, hazard, and risk mapping are vital tasks to disaster loss reduction and performance as a suggestion for sustainable land use planning. The determination of the cause variables, identification of existing landslides, and production of a landslide susceptibility, hazard, and risk map are all necessary steps in the mitigation of landslide incidence on the globe. Landslide susceptibility, hazard, and risk maps are the outcome of a statistical relationship between environmental conditions and previously occurring landslides. It provides critical scientific support for the government’s reaction to land use practices and the management of landslide threats. The type, concept of landslides, factor, inventories, susceptibility, hazard, and risk, as well as mapping and validation methodologies, have all been examined in this chapter. The distinction between landslide susceptibility and hazard has surely been debated.
Highlights
Landslide inventory, susceptibility, hazard, and risk mapping may be a complex job thanks to a good spectrum of conditioning and triggering factors, lack of record data, and non-uniqueness of mapping methods
Hazard, and risk mapping, mapping and analysis of previous and active landslide incidence are demanding tasks that can be used for landslide prevention and mitigation
Chen and Wang [9] explained that susceptibility, hazard, and risk maps of landslides are the results of the statistical relationship in between landslide governing factors and preexisting landslides
Summary
The evaluation of landslide conditioning and triggering factors is a very important task. The force of gravity and the progressive weakening of geological materials, mainly thanks to weathering, alongside the action of other natural and environmental phenomena, make mass movements relatively common on the earth’s surface [20] These processes create potential geological risks, as they will cause economic loss and social damage if they affect human activities, buildings, and infrastructure [20]. To carry out this research, it is necessary to understand the characteristics and the geological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological properties of the soil and rock materials involved and their mechanical behavior because the factors that condition and trigger such movements [20]. Studies during this field should specialize in the investigation of [20]. Factors that control landslides are classified into two such as intrinsic/inherent/static and external/ dynamic landslide factors [21–23]
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