Abstract
Landslides are amongst the most damaging natural hazards in Malaysia. The study of landslides has drawn nationwide attention mainly due to increasing awareness of the socio-economic impact of landslides, as well as the increasing pressure of urbanization. Landslide Hazard Identification (LHI) is part of the process used to evaluate if any particular situation, item, thing, etc. may have the potential to cause harm. The description of LHI should include the location, volume (or area), classification and velocity of the potential landslides and any resultant detached material, and the probability of their occurrence within a given period of time. In this paper, we present the results of the measurement for the subsurface resistivity within by using the pole-dipole electrode array and present the 2D view of each resistivity profile. The result presented successfully detect the dominant layer consists of interbedded sandstone and shale of the Crocker Formation with highly weathered. This both layers have high porosity and potential to contain high water content which can trigger landslide to occur. Besides that, there are several boulders zone (weathered to fresh rock) that can be found at the top of the subsurface profile at about 1.5m to 15m in depth. The bedrock layer was estimated to be found at 4m to 32.5m in depth from the original ground and one possible fault line that had been identified. This fault line believed plays a role in the occurrence of landslide in which rock materials have lower strength compared to surrounding rocks. High density of fault means lower stability. Therefore the faut line have been regarded as a critical factor in triggering landslide in the study area. The results of these study findings are expected to be used as uniform guidelines and principles are very useful and have integrity in providing coordination of standards or policies for each planning activities for new development in the future. As a result of the lack of concern for the developer of the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) or balancing and control of environmental health, the results of this study can also be used as a yardstick to party developers who intend to develop a high ground and hillside in deciding whether to continuing development planning or not.
Highlights
Landslides are influenced by many factors that range from the intensity, duration and extent of a triggering factor to the local physical conditions such as landform, morphological, geological materials and structures, hydrological and land uses (Varnes, 1978; Crozier, 1986; Popescu, 2002; Guzzetti, 2002; Crozier and Glade, 2005)
Rapid economic development in Luyang area, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia resulted in further pressure to utilize the slope land for various purposes such as recreation, infrastructure and human settlements (Figure 1)
In light of available information, the following conclusions may be drawn from the present study: 1. The geoelectrical resistivity of subsurface layers is influenced by: a) Lithology of the layers, i.e. the material composition, either geoelectrically conductive or non-conductive; b) Porosity of the layers, together with the nature of the content of the pore spaces, whether water or air, the degree of water saturation and the dissolved material in the water; and c) Degree of consolidation, weathering and degree of fracturing of the rock mass
Summary
Landslides are influenced by many factors that range from the intensity, duration and extent of a triggering factor (e.g. earthquake and rainfall) to the local physical conditions such as landform, morphological, geological materials and structures, hydrological and land uses (Varnes, 1978; Crozier, 1986; Popescu, 2002; Guzzetti, 2002; Crozier and Glade, 2005). When environmental factors such as high pore-water pressure (causal factors) are added, failure may occur. These environmental factors are the main cause (in terms of preparation and triggering) of landsliding. Topographic setting of the study area is controlled mainly by its hilly areas and very limited flat planes. Under this situation it could not avoid the opening of slope lands for development projects. Proper mitigation could be planned and applied This is to ensure the sustainable long-term development of slope lands and to avoid over exploitation and mismanagement
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