Abstract
The problem of restoring the spatial planning structure of the major cities of Iraq - Baghdad and Mosul, destroyed during the war of 2003-2011. Is currently relevant for ensuring their sustainable development and the formation of a comfortable, safe and environmentally-oriented urban environment. The study of the dynamics of the transformation of urban fabric of Baghdad and Mosul has a number of historical and methodological features related to specific socio-economic, cultural, historical and landscape-urban conditions that ensure their sustainable development in the future. An analysis of the dynamics of changes in the urban fabric of Baghdad and Mosul, which occurred as a result of military operations in these cities, made it possible to determine the priority areas of urban development, which in the future will ensure the formation of sustainable spatial planning structures of these cities. Proceeding from landscape, ecological and historical-architectural and urban development features of the cities of Baghdad and Mosul, the priority direction is landscape-urban reconstruction, based on the principles of landscape urbanism, which will restore and make accessible to residents and visitors of the city the lost historical and architectural objects, preserve identity historical and cultural environment through integration with the transport and green framework, linking the functional and planning zones of the city in a single “infrastructur” At present, such a strategy of urban transformation is used in the restoration of the historical cities of Iraq - Baghdad and Mosul.
Highlights
The history knows a large number of cases when the injured or completely destroyed by the fighting actions of the city received a new life and a new layout
An analysis of the dynamics of the transformation of urban fabric of Baghdad and Mosul has a number of historical and methodological features related to specific socio-economic, cultural, historical and landscape-urban conditions that ensure their sustainable development in the future
If we focus on the landscape and town-planning context of urban reconstruction, it is necessary to develop conceptual proposals for the formation of a master plan of the city in conjunction with the formation of the green framework of the city - its green infrastructure in accordance with modern principles of landscape urbanism [5: 120,124,]
Summary
The history knows a large number of cases when the injured or completely destroyed by the fighting actions of the city received a new life and a new layout Such cities are present in the countries of the former USSR. The main examples in the work will be Baghdad (8.5 million people live) and Mosul (2 and a half million people live) These cities suffered significant losses and destruction during military operations in Iraq since 2003. If today Baghdad implements a number of town-planning projects for the organization of new territories and the restoration of the destroyed parts of the city after the fighting, the city of Mosul for three years was in occupation by the terrorist organization "Islamic State" and is in decline. The city of Mosul still has to be restored in the future, but only after a complete cessation of the military conflict in the Middle East
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