Landscape visualizations: Applications and requirements of 3D visualization software for environmental planning

Abstract

This paper presents the findings of an investigation into the role and use of landscape visualization software for landscape and environmental planning in Germany. It examines the challenges and requirements of 3D visualization technology and its potential for application in landscape and environmental planning. Relevant literature and comparable surveys are reviewed in order to determine the current state of affairs, and the general and international relevance of the results is assessed. In 2000, a survey of user requirements for 3D landscape simulation software, including the demand for specific features, was conducted within the framework of a feasibility study for a visualization tool. As part of the German-wide survey, comprehensive questionnaires were sent to 1044 respondents from a pool of private landscape planning consultancies, freelance landscape architects, and public planning and environmental authorities. The survey showed that 3D landscape visualization has a positive image in Germany, both among user and non-user groups of visualization tools. Twenty-eight percent of private consultancies and freelance landscape architects, as well as 7% of public authorities, stated that they already used 3D simulation software. Those respondents who did not use 3D simulation software cited insufficient computer equipment, lack of technical expertise of planners and cost-related aspects as reasons for not yet having adopted the technology. “Ease of learning” and “interoperability” are deemed to be the most important features of 3D simulation software, whereas factors such as “high interactivity”, “representability of ecological processes” and “photo-realism” are, surprisingly, regarded as much less important. Users of 3D visualization software are particularly concerned by insufficient representation of plants and habitats in simulations. Looking to the future, the vast majority of respondents (91%) expect increased benefits for landscape planning from 3D visualization software, are convinced of the advantages of the technology, and are eager to integrate 3D landscape visualizations into their working practices.