Abstract
The paper identifies landscape constraint and opportunity issues. Response to these issues by landscape planners is traced from the mid-18th century to the present. It is argued that the response has generally moved from a negative or defensive posture to a more positive orientation. In particular, landscape analysis and assessment procedures, which traditionally have been used as defensive tools to development, are now being incorporated into landscape plan formulation and evaluation procedures. The new approach provides the landscape planner with the tools to develop a landscape ‘biased’ future land use scenario, as a positive development recommendation. Using the METLAND research at the University of Massachusetts as a case study, a landscape planning process, incorporating procedures for landscape assessment, plan formulation and evaluation is summarized. It is argued that future landscape research should concentrate on landscape plan formulation and plan evaluation procedures.
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