Abstract
Wetland landscape patterns are the result of various ecological and hydrological processes. Based on the land use landscape types from 1980 to 2017, a transfer matrix, landscape pattern analysis index, and principal component analysis were used to analyze the landscape pattern evolution in the Xiong’an New Area of China, which has a large area with a lake and river wetlands. The results showed that the wetland area has changed greatly since 2000 and the beach land has decreased greatly, while the area of the lake and river wetlands has increased slightly. Beach land was the dominant landscape type of the wetland. The dominant degree of the wetland landscape showed a slightly decreasing trend, and the patches tended to be scattered. The shape complexity of the ponds was the lowest, while that of rivers was the highest. The fragmentation degree of the wetland patches increased, the proportion of landscape types tended to be equalized, and the landscape heterogeneity increased. The leading factors of the wetland landscape change can be summarized as socioeconomic, meteorological, and hydrological processes, with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.3%, among which socioeconomic development was the most important factor. The results have important guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of wetlands in the Xiong’an New Area and other wetland ecosystems with rivers and lakes.
Highlights
An important environmental resource, wetlands, are among the most biodiverse ecological landscapes in nature
The increase in the non-wetland area was primarily due to the increase in the area of construction land, and a certain decrease in the area of dry land
The results showed that there was a strong correlation between the factors affecting the area area changes of Baiyangdian Lake
Summary
Wetlands, are among the most biodiverse ecological landscapes in nature. Wetlands offer a variety of ecological services such as regulating runoff, improving water quality, regulating microclimate, providing food, and providing tourism resources [1,2]. Some studies have shown that each year, various types of ecosystems worldwide provide services worth at least 33 trillion U.S dollars including. The area, number, type, and structure of wetlands have changed significantly in recent decades due to biophysical factors and human activities [4,5]. It is estimated that more than 50% of the world’s wetlands may have been altered, degraded, or lost through a wide range of human activities over the last 150 years [6]; the protection and rational exploitation of wetlands have become important issues for global ecosystem studies. Since the 1980s, the principles and methods of landscape ecology patterns, processes, scale, and driving mechanism analysis have been gradually applied in the field of wetland science, which has promoted research on the evolution of wetland landscape patterns [7]
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