Abstract
Rapid urbanization influences the landscape pattern of impervious surfaces, and potentially affects surface water quality. Using ArcGIS and Fragstats, this study analyzed the temporal change of the landscape pattern of impervious surfaces in Shanghai over the past 45 years, and its driving forces and impact on water quality were also analyzed. The results show that both low and high impervious surfaces showed different degrees of expansion, and as a result, the pervious surfaces and water area reduced by 40.1% and 13.8%, respectively. It proves that the fragmentation and diversity of impervious surfaces in Shanghai notably increased in the past decades, and especially the low and high impervious surfaces show substantial changes. The primary driving forces of the landscape pattern change are population density, unit area Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the percentage of primary industry. The result of Redundancy analysis (RDA) is that the explanatory ability of landscape pattern to water quality variations decreased from 68.7% to 46.4% in the period 2000–2010. It should be stressed that the contribution of the configuration of impervious surfaces to water quality variation is less than that of the percentage of impervious surfaces.
Highlights
Impervious surface is an important indicator affecting surface water quality, and its changes in landscape pattern would impact surface hydrological process [1,2]
Previous studies are mostly based on the impact of Percentage of Total ImperviousArea (PTIA) on water quality, so, the other novelty is to explore the impact of configuration of impervious surfaces on water quality, such as Patch Density (PD), Contagion Index (CONTAG) and Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI)
This study analyzed the change of the landscape pattern of impervious surfaces of Shanghai in the past 45 years
Summary
Impervious surface is an important indicator affecting surface water quality, and its changes in landscape pattern would impact surface hydrological process [1,2]. The landscape metric of impervious surfaces is an important method for analysis of landscape patterns [18], and it aims to explore the temporal and spatial change of the landscape pattern of impervious surfaces. The latest research shows that this technology often results in poor extraction, and significant deviations occur with different algorithms, especially for linear mosaics such as rivers and roads [25], these two mosaics in the landscape are very important in research on the impact of impervious surfaces on water quality [22]. Previous studies are mostly based on the impact of PTIA on water quality, so, the other novelty is to explore the impact of configuration of impervious surfaces on water quality, such as Patch Density (PD), Contagion Index (CONTAG) and Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI)
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