Landscape Feature Extraction and Floristic Division of Traditional Villages in the Minjiang River Basin

Abstract

Traditional villages reflect the integration and collision of cultures from many aspects such as culture, function and site selection, and reflect the cooperation and struggle between man and nature. They hold outstanding historical, cultural, artistic, scientific and social values, and are important carriers of national culture. As an important birthplace of civilization in the southeastern region of China, the Minjiang River Basin has profound historical and cultural accumulation. The unique, diverse and abundant traditional village resources in the basin embody the Fujian traditional culture with distinctive local characteristics. In order to accurately identify the landscape characteristics of traditional villages in the Minjiang River Basin, the research first introduces the concept of landscape gene similarity on the basis of landscape gene theory, and quantitatively evaluates the similarity of traditional village landscapes, which reduces the influence of subjective judgment in the process of landscape gene extraction, strengthens the repeatability of the conclusions, and makes the results more accurate. Secondly, based on five batches of Chinese traditional village lists, field visits and literature review, 111 national traditional villages with complete data and well preserved in Minjiang River Basin are determined as research objects. Finally, based on the dialect and folk beliefs, the cultural characteristics of the villages are judged, and the landscape characteristics of the villages are described based on the characteristics of the residential landscape. Six types of indicators that can best reflect the characteristics of village landscape are selected to construct the index system. By calculating the similarity of each traditional village landscape and combining with spatial statistical analysis, the traditional villages in Minjiang River Basin are divided into 9 landscape regions and 4 landscape sub-regions as a whole, and construct the landscape gene map of traditional villages in Minjiang River Basin. Through the calculation of the similarity between the traditional village landscape and spatial statistical analysis, the traditional villages in the Minjiang River Basin are divided into 9 landscape areas and 4 landscape sub-areas, then mapping the landscape gene map of traditional villages in Minjiang River basin. The results show that there are differences in landscape gene composition of traditional villages in different regions in Minjiang River Basin. Based on the differences of landscape gene among traditional villages in Minjiang River Basin, combined with the administrative division and landscape gene similarity, traditional villages in Minjiang River Basin can be divided into 9 landscape areas and 4 landscape subareas which include Hakka courtyard area, Shaojiang Courtyard area, Central Fujian Courtyard area, Central Fujian enclosed building area, Eastern Fujian enclosed building area, Eastern Fujian mixed area, Southern Fujian compound area and Northern Fujian compound area, Northern Fujian gabled roof courtyard area, Northern Fujian mixed roof courtyard area, Shaojiang independent courtyard area and Shaojiang combined courtyard area. The similarity of landscape genes between two adjacent landscape areas was higher than other areas. To some extent, this is due to the role and influence of natural conditions, cultural customs and social economy in different periods. Among them, the natural conditions affecting the residence form and construction of the overall arrangement of the choice of material, culture affects the residential spatial structure characteristics such as shape, function partition, the social and economic conditions determine the scale and fineness of dwellings. Any change of conditions will produce different morphological characteristics of residential buildings, major historical events are important catalysts for this transformation process, which can accelerate or slow down the entire process. In the future, the research will take the major historical events that affect human activities in the watershed as the time node, analyze the development and evolution laws of buildings in different periods, and conduct in-depth analysis and exploration of this conclusion.