LANDSCAPE-ECOLOGICAL BASES OF HUMANIZATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND TOWN-PLANNING INFRASTRUCTURE OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. The territory of any city is characterized by two main indicators: the natural basis created in the process of urban planning, planning and construction. The combination of these factors shapes the urban environment. At all stages of development of civilization sought to create a comfortable urban environment for the livelihood of the population primarily taking into account human needs. Purpose of the article is to investigate in the process of urbanization the relief of the assimilated territory is processed in accordance with the needs of a particular stage of city development. Comparison of several sections of the relief of the same urban area allows to establish changes in the composition of the earth's surface that have already occurred: the disappearance of lakes, river flows, ravines, straightening the riverbed, the emergence of a new reservoir, changes in altitudes. An urgent complex urban planning problem today is to determine the prospects for further development and reconstruction of large industrial cities. Ergonomic factor allows, above all, to create a comfortable environment for production activities, as well as a recreational environment in which a person in the process of rest could feel comfortable psychologically and emotionally. Humanization − the humanization of the production environment − is based on ergonomics, taking into account, above all, new technologies and the impact on the city's ecosystem. Conclusions. The dynamic transformation of the city under the influence of various factors was accompanied by a change of approaches to correct the contradictions that arise from the interaction of natural and artificial components of the urban environment with architectural and urban infrastructure. The living environment at each stage of historical development has changed, primarily taking into account its architectural and urban infrastructure, and each stage of historical development has changed the nature of the relationship “city − environment – man”.