Abstract
Abstract — Hulunbuir Grassland is one of the world famous steppe. Along with global climate change, the beautiful mosaic landscape of grassland-wetland-desert is getting unstable under huge demographic and economic growth pressures. From 2000 to 2010, the total area of water reduced by 396.52 km 2 ， grassland by 23 4.71 km 2 2and forest 1 46.86 km , whereas, the areas of construction land, desert, cropland and wetland increased by 462.59 km 2 , 189 .43 2 km 2 , 99. 33 km 2 and 26.74 km respectively. The NP (Number of Patches) increased by 1161 and PD (Patch Density) by 0.02, while the MPS (Mean Patch Size) decreased by 2.24 km 2 and LPI (Largest Patch Index) by 0.35. Moreover, SHDI (Shannon ’ s Diversity Index) and SHEI (Shannon ’ s Evenness Index) increased by 0.02 and 0.10. These results indicate obviously a process of grassland loss and fragmentation. Although many environmental protection efforts have been carried out from 2000, the degradation trend still can
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