Abstract
Abstract: People tend to lose their sense of direction in closed environments and the role of indoor maps is to assist the user in navigating in these spaces, through understanding the environment, identifying reference points or positioning. Among the several forms of achieving positioning in indoor environments, this research used the method based on image recognition through identification of QR-Code labels, because of their low cost, easy implementation, and because their accuracy is not affected by the environment. As such, this article presents the use of QR-Code markers affixed to possible reference points to determine user positioning in an indoor environment using a mobile device. This study seeks to discover which are the most appropriate sites for placing QR-Codes in an environment, by evaluating what reference points and what type thereof are most used in indoor environments. This study is therefore based on the hypothesis that if initial positioning is obtained only through reference points this is sufficient for users to orient themselves. Through analysis of the results obtained from navigation tasks done by users we were able to obtain data regarding elements most cited as references. The results show that people orient themselves in distinct ways in the same environment and use as their main reference points structural elements of the environment such as stairways, lifts, and decision-making points; in general structural reference points were those most used to support orientation and navigation.
Highlights
Navigation systems intended for indoor spaces are being used thanks to progress with mobile computing and communication via internet
Use of navigation systems in indoor environments can significantly assist people in navigating in complex environments, since they can reduce the cognitive load used in orientation because they assist acquisition of knowledge about the environment (Ryder 2015)
The focus of our study is to discover which places are most appropriate for placing QR-Codes in an environment, since different approaches have been used with regard to sites where labels have been placed
Summary
Navigation systems intended for indoor spaces are being used thanks to progress with mobile computing and communication via internet. Reference points are prominent elements in the environment and enable users to locate themselves as well as to code spatial relationships between objects and routes They can be used as an orientation and navigation tool, since they serve as decision-making points and help to identify starting points and destination points (Sorrows and Hirtle 1999). Our study is based on the hypothesis that if a user scans of QR-Codes only in places considered to be reference points, by using the indoor positioning system developed, the user will be able to carry out orientation and navigation tasks based on the Information showing the user’s location. It is of fundamental importance to understand to which categories reference points most used by users belong so that this information can support decision-making regarding placement of labels in projects or similar applications
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