Abstract
The content of this chapter focuses on the anaerobic BioReactor Landfill (BRL), an alternative to the traditional “dry tomb” landfill, with the aim of a more rapid degradation of the organic fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) through leachate recirculation. This technology is mainly based on the moisture increase of waste through liquid injection into the landfill body, as waste degradation is strongly dependent on humidity. The main advantage of bioreactor landfills is the rapid stabilization of the organic fraction, which can be reached in 5–10 years compared to 30–50 years under traditional operation. Biogas production can be therefore increased to higher volumes in less time, improving the efficiency of energy recovery. The main factors regarding MSW biodegradation in BRLs will be presented. Focusing on the different and interconnected phenomena, which take place in such a complex and heterogeneous system, it will be possible to gain an overview of the whole process. A number of studies have shown the positive effects of leachate recirculation on MSW degradation, either at laboratory-scale or on-site. The state of art of both, lab- and full-scale experimentations, will be presented, with a focus on an Italian case study.
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