Abstract
In the mean-field approximation, the expression for free energy contains the mean field which is to be determined by the self-consistency equation. When the mean field is taken as a free parameter equivalent to the order parameter in the Landau theory, the free energy constructed from the mean-field Hamiltonian possesses the same minimum property as the Landau free energy. Utility of such an ad hoc free energy is studied analytically and numerically in comparison with the Landau free energy, with particular attention to interacting classical anharmonic oscillators.
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