Land Use Changes and Cluster Identification of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in Bandung, Indonesia

Sri Yusnita Irda Sari,Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan,Yessika Adelwin

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5020070

Sri Yusnita Irda Sari, Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020070

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Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia has increased steadily with Bandung as a hyper-endemic area holding a high number of cases for years. This study aimed to identify cluster areas and their correlation with land use changes which was indicated by changes of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Hospital surveillance of 28,327 cases during 2008–2013 was geo-coded into sub-district levels and analyzed to find cluster areas over time and space using SaTScan and ArcGIS. Spearman correlation was used to analyze NDVI with Incidence Rate (IR) in each area. IR of DHF cases tended to increase over 6 years during high precipitation period. Cases were concentrated in several cluster areas in 2009 then moved to eastern part of the city in 2013. NDVI had negative correlation with IR in 2008 (r = −0.258; p = 0.001) and positive correlation in 2012 (r = 0.193; p = 0.017). Clear geographical pattern by cluster identification overtime is beneficial for targeting appropriate vector-control program.

Highlights

Dengue remains the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infection among infectious diseases
This study aimed to investigate spatiotemporal pattern to identify cluster area of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases and the correlation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as environmental risk factor of land use changes in Bandung
The diagnosis of Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) was highly associated with risk of death (OR = 57.16; CI = 30.39–107.48; p = 0.001)

Summary

Introduction

Dengue remains the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infection among infectious diseases. About half of the world’s population is at risk to acquire this infection, in tropical countries. As one of dengue endemic countries in Asia, Indonesia reported an average number of 129,435 dengue cases during 2004 to 2010. This number was the second highest after Brazil [2]. Annual incidence rate increased from 0.05/100,000 in 1968 to 37/100,000 in 2013. The incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) as the more severe form of dengue infection, increased among the age group of >15 years old since 1999 [3]

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