Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic factors are responsible for changes in wetland function and structure. This research deals with the complexity of interactions among flood attributes, climatic data and land use trajectories to track the impact of land use changes for wetland management, over 30 years (1984- 2014). This paper presents a multi-temporal analysis of a floodplain to know the inter-annual ecohydrological variability, including extraordinary events of floods and droughts, using indicators of hydrological regime. It also presents a quantitative description of the geospatial variability in the Mogi Guaçu wetland components to assess the changes in the conversion, replacement, of wetland landscapes by anthropic growth activities. Flood attributes and anthropogenic pressures have altered temporal habitat variability in changes on the river course, in sandbars extent, and oxbow lake genesis and extinction, with a decline in the biota dependent on these habitats. These results have significant implications of the quick expansion of anthropogenic activities and provide key information about the impact of land use changes on the wetland function and structure. It is an objective tool to help the environmental management of wetland areas.
Highlights
The Mogi Guaçu River basin has three distinct geomorphological regions: the source area, which is characterized by steep slopes at a mean elevation of 1,650 m, located in the Bom Repouso Municipality (Minas Gerais State) on the Cristalino Plateau; the middle stretch river, which is characterized by a geological fault occupied by a meander zone and located in the northeastern region of São Paulo State on the Central Plateau; and the downstream stretch, where the river runs without meanders until it joins the Pardo River in the Pontal Municipality
Rainfall is highly correlated with flow rates values, groundwater availability and land use changes are mainly driving forces that can affect hydrological periodicity of the river flow intensity and flood pulse magnitude
It was related to higher total landscape conversion rate values, and lower retention rate values for oxbow lakes, sandbars and rivers
Summary
The Ramsar Convention’s definition of wetland is broad and, along with natural. E. dos Santos wetlands, encompasses human-made wetlands [1]. Wetlands cover about 4% 6% of the world’s land surface and their degradation is a continuous and serious problem worldwide [2]. It is estimated that wetland areas have declined from 64% to 71% in the 20th century [3]
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