Abstract
This study mapped the land use and land cover of the catchment area of the Peixe-Boi River watershed, in northeast Pará, in order to identify conflicts of land use in the permanent preservation areas, and to relate them to water quality. We used LISS-3 sensor imagery from the Resourcesat satellite with a spatial resolution of 23.5 m for supervised classification of land use and land cover based on 22 training samples. Water quality was determined based on 28 sampling points in drainage network. The relationship between human disturbance and water quality was analyzed based on observations of land use changes using satellite imagery and in situ collection of water samples. The results show that 46% of the permanent preservation areas have conflicted uses, especially with respect to urban squatters, exposed soil and, most notably, pasture, with over 84 % of the area in conflict. Critical levels of dissolved oxygen reaching 2.14 mg L-1 and pH of 5.12 were observed in some sampling points. These values are below the fresh water standards set by Resolution 357/05 of CONAMA. The poorest water quality may be related to irregular use and occupation of areas within the permanent preservation areas. There is therefore an urgent need to develop a plan for the sustainable use and occupation of catchment area land in the Peixe-Boi River watershed in order to restore the environment and improve water quality.
Highlights
This study mapped the land use and land cover of the catchment area of the Peixe-Boi
We used LISS-3 sensor imagery from the Resourcesat satellite with a spatial resolution of 23.5 m for supervised classification of land use and land cover based on 22 training samples
The relationship between human disturbance and water quality was analyzed based on observations of land use changes using satellite imagery and in situ collection of water samples
Summary
O processo de ocupação do território brasileiro é marcado, historicamente, pela intensa exploração de seus recursos naturais e supressão da vegetação nativa, voltadas para diversas atividades antrópicas, com destaque para a agropecuária e expansão da urbanização. Para Pires et al (2012) e Santos et al (2015), o estudo de bacias hidrográficas mostra-se cada vez mais necessário na correlação com as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs), pois, a existência de conflitos entre uso e ocupação e o descumprimento da legislação nessas áreas, põem em risco a integridade dos recursos hídricos, afetando a qualidade da água, devido à dinâmica fluvial e ao escoamento superficial da água ao longo da bacia de drenagem. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo mapear a cobertura e uso do solo na área de abrangência da bacia do rio Peixe-Boi, identificar conflitos de uso nas áreas de preservação permanente, de acordo com o Código Florestal (Lei 12.727/2012) e, relacioná-los com a qualidade da água na bacia hidrográfica, com base na resolução no 357 de 17 de março de 2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente-CONAMA, no uso integrado de produtos e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento, para subsidiar ações de gestão para minimizar a degradação da qualidade da água nesta bacia
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