Abstract
Excessive groundwater pumping from compressible aquifers leads to land subsidence, potentially causing significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Differential interferometry is applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images (D-InSAR) of the Toluca Valley, Mexico, with the aim of measuring and monitoring land subsidence. D-InSAR results are verified with field data. Additionally, the different sensors are compared and contrasted. A total of 30 SAR images from various C-band sensors with dates ranging from December 1995 to May 2008 were used. Forty-four D-InSAR pairs were generated with 31 usable interferograms. ENVISAT ASAR generally had shorter baselines than RADARSAT-1, and thus more usable interferograms. Verifying InSAR results involved installing and taking measurements from two extensometer systems. The compressible clays compact in a relatively linear fashion, where varying compaction rates are a function of drawdown and geologic properties. The total maximum subsidence for a point location in the valley between November 2003 and May 2008 is approximately 40 cm. It is estimated that the maximum total subsidence since 1962 is over 2.0 m.
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