Abstract
This chapter discusses two rural social movement organizations (SMOs) that have waged militant struggles for land reform through nonviolent resistance. First is the Landless Rural Workers Movement in Brazil (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra or MST), while the second is an Indian SMO called Ekta Parishad (Unity Forum). Both SMOs have organized campaigns to mobilize people, raise public awareness about land issues, place land reform on the national agenda, and create alternatives to exploitive political and economic relations. Each SMO is characterized by a defining method: land occupation for the MST, and the extended march or padyatra for Ekta Parishad. The chapter mainly tackles why social movements with radical goals prefer nonviolent resistance, as well as the implementation of particular methods of nonviolent action, and the success rate of nonviolent movements focusing on land reform promotion.
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