Abstract
The main purpose of the present survey is to apply remote sensing data to the investigation of different components of a wetland ecosystem, situated in the area of the village of Negovan (Sofia region), such as soil, vegetation and water, and their variation for certain temporal intervals including the vegetation period. This survey represents the process of interim ecological monitoring (IEM) implementation on the studied ecosystem. Data for the current condition of different ecosystem components - soil, vegetation and water components, and their variations within the selected time period of 5 years (2014-2018) have been obtained. Specific relations among wetland actual components conditions such as soil wetness and vegetation vs climate factors within the respective temporal intervals of wetland monitoring process have been established. Aerospace data with different temporal, space and spectral resolution, satellite data from Sentinel 2, MSI and aerophoto with a very high resolution have been used. The results for ?Brightness?, ?Greenness? and ?Wetness? components obtained on the basis of orthogonalization of satellite data from Sentinel 2 have been introduced. The results reflect the value of Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI 2), Normalized Difference Greenness Index (NDGI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), which are of great importance for the relationship between soil health indexes and ecosystem sustainability. Thematic maps are generated based on the results obtained by surveying land cover components. Data received for the current condition of Negovan wetland ecosystem and established variations of different parameters, including soil component could be used while assessing wetland ecosystem services.
Highlights
The importance of wetlands can be defined as productive and valuable ecosystems with numerous functions that benefit society
For the observed area “Negovan wetland” we examined the vegetation indices (VIs) like Normalized Difference Greenness Index (NDGI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and that accounting for soil - Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), modified SAVI (MSAVI) and establish their sensitivity to vegetation changes in spatio-temporal scale
Quantitative assessment is made with the help of NDWI, NDGI, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI 2), which are part of VIs index family
Summary
The importance of wetlands can be defined as productive and valuable ecosystems with numerous functions that benefit society. Wetlands are often characterized by high rates of primary production (G ro s s et al, 1990) They often act as a protective buffer against storms by water storage and flood abatement, and against erosion damage, by sediment stabilization. As wetland areas often border with agricultural lands it is of importance to prevent them from chemical pollution or/and waste disposal Their function as carbon sinks and recreational areas are often under pressure. The interim ecological monitoring methodology (MIEM) includes remote sensing techniques that could enable the determination of the change in the surveyed area by analyzing different indicators of the ecosystem conditions and functional health its biomass production, water and land surface including soil state (Wray and B ayl ey, 2006)
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