Abstract
Abstract. Mobile mapping has been using various photogrammetric techniques for many years. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of mobile mapping systems using laser scanners available in the market, partially because of the improvement in GNSS/INS performance for direct georeferencing. In this article, some of the most important land-based mobile laser scanning (MLS) systems are reviewed. Firstly, the main characteristics of MLS systems vs. airborne (ALS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) systems are compared. Secondly, a short overview of the mobile mapping technology is also provided so that the reader can fully grasp the complexity and operation of these devices. As we put forward in this paper, a comparison of different systems is briefly carried out regarding specifications provided by the manufacturers. Focuses on the current research are also addressed with emphasis on the practical applications of these systems. Most of them have been utilized for data collection on road infrastructures or building façades. This article shows that MLS technology is nowadays well established and proven, since the demand has grown to the point that there are several systems suppliers offering their products to satisfy this particular market.
Highlights
The concept of Mobile Mapping System (MMS) dates back to late 1980s and early 1990s, when the first operational landbased MMS was developed by the Centre for Mapping at the Ohio State University
TOPCON Positioning Systems has introduced its mobile mapping system, the IP-S2, in the spring of 2009. It includes a TOPCON dual-frequency 40-channel GNSS receiver operating at 20 Hz, which is coupled to a Honeywell HG1700 tacticalgrade IMU based on a ring laser gyro at 100 Hz operation
The same inconvenience happens to the MDL scanner from DYNASCAN because, it enables to undertake detailed 3D large scale mapping projects, measuring long ranges up to 500 m, pulse repetition rate and scan speed parameters are lower in comparison with the rest of mobile laser scanning (MLS) systems using RIEGL VQ-250 or with the one from OPTECH
Summary
The concept of Mobile Mapping System (MMS) dates back to late 1980s and early 1990s, when the first operational landbased MMS was developed by the Centre for Mapping at the Ohio State University Their system- called GPSVan TMintegrated a code-only GPS receiver, two digital CCD cameras, two colour video cameras and several dead-reckoning sensors (two gyroscopes and a distance measurement unit on each of the front wheels), where all components were mounted on a van (Goad, 1991; Novak, 1991). Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) systems use almost solely the pulse time of flight measurement principle for ranging (Riegl, 2011; Optech, 2011; Leica, 2011; TopEye, 2011; TopoSys, 2011; Fli-Map, 2011) and have been widely used for the generation of bare-earth digital elevation models (DEMs), the estimation of forest inventory attributes, and are rapidly being adopted in operational forest management. This study tries to illustrate the latest mobile laser scanning systems existing in the market and update previous reviews on this topic
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