Land-Based Mitigation Strategies under the Mid-Term Carbon Reduction Targets in Indonesia

Tomoko Hasegawa,Gito Immanuel,Toshihiko Masui,Shinichiro Fujimori,Rizaldi Boer

doi:10.3390/su8121283

Abstract

We investigated the key mitigation options for achieving the mid-term target for carbon emission reduction in Indonesia. A computable general equilibrium model coupled with a land-based mitigation technology model was used to evaluate specific mitigation options within the whole economic framework. The results revealed three primary findings: (1) If no climate policy were implemented, Indonesia’s total greenhouse gas emissions would reach 3.0 GtCO2eq by 2030; (2) To reduce carbon emissions to meet the latest Intended Nationally-Determined Contributions (INDC) target, ~58% of total reductions should come from the agriculture, forestry and other land use sectors by implementing forest protection, afforestation and plantation efforts; (3) A higher carbon price in 2020 suggests that meeting the 2020 target would be economically challenging, whereas the INDC target for 2030 would be more economically realistic in Indonesia.

Highlights

In 2009, the Indonesian government pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 26% through its own efforts and by up to 41% through international support compared with the business-as-usual (BaU) scenario by 2020
In the latest submission of the Intended Nationally-Determined Contributions (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [1], Indonesia pledged to further cut its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 29% compared with the BaU level by 2030
In Indonesia, domestic GHG emissions were 1.8 billion tons carbon dioxide equivalents (GtCO2eq) in 2005, ~65% of which were derived from the agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) sectors (Ministry of Environment, 2010)

Summary

Introduction

In 2009, the Indonesian government pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 26% through its own efforts and by up to 41% through international support compared with the business-as-usual (BaU) scenario by 2020. The INDC [1] shows that Indonesia has taken significant steps to reduce emissions from these land use sectors by reducing deforestation and forest degradation and restoring ecosystem functions and sustainable forest management, including social forestry through active participation of the private sector, small and medium enterprises, civil society organizations, local communities and the most vulnerable groups. Meeting this target requires quantitative evaluations and specification of highly efficient mitigation countermeasures, which should be prioritized

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion