Abstract
At present, the ecological environment and resources of the global coastal zones are facing great pressures. Climate change leads to sea level rise, environmental change, stressful population increases and changes in demographics, all of which affect existing coastal management systems. Therefore, all coastal countries begin to increasingly attach importance to the integrated management of coastal zones. How to better adapt to current changes in global coastal zones is a question that every coastal country should think about. From sea- and land-partitioned management to land and sea coordination and from simple coastal management to the integration of the ecological environment and society, integrated management has been planned from many perspectives and levels. It plays a role in promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.
Highlights
A coastal zone is a zone where the land, sea and atmosphere intersect
integrated coastal management (ICM) has been developed for a long time, its means of implementation are richer than land and sea coordination, and it is more mature in terms of legislation, law enforcement, evaluation and supervision
This paper shows that the concept and means of ICM in different regions are different [51]
Summary
A coastal zone is a zone where the land, sea and atmosphere intersect. Due to rich material resources, human development and construction, maritime transportation, fishery and aquaculture have progressed in these areas [1]. In last 50 years, the integrated coastal management (ICM) method has been generally adopted by coastal countries to effectively deal with and sustainably develop the coastal zone. Land and sea coordination is more inclined to aid in the economic development of coastal areas and pays more attention to the realisation of social growth. The main intent of land and sea coordination is to guide and solve coastal resource allocation and management problems intelligently. Faced with the lack of top-down guiding ideology in coastal zone management, it is worth further exploration of how to use land and sea coordination as the theoretical foundation for practices, and to find an excellent management method that will improve laws and regulations, improve law enforcement efficiency and enhance public participation, thereby benefiting the whole world
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