Abstract
AbstractHigh‐efficiency perovskite‐based solar cells can be fabricated via either solution‐processing or vacuum‐based thin‐film deposition. However, both approaches limit the choice of materials and the accessible device architectures, due to solvent incompatibilities or possible layer damage by vacuum techniques. To overcome these limitations, the lamination of two independently processed half‐stacks of the perovskite solar cell is presented in this work. By laminating the two half‐stacks at an elevated temperature (≈90 °C) and pressure (≈50 MPa), the polycrystalline perovskite thin‐film recrystallizes and the perovskite/charge transport layer (CTL) interface forms an intimate electrical contact. The laminated perovskite solar cells with tin oxide and nickel oxide as CTLs exhibit power conversion efficiencies of up to 14.6%. Moreover, they demonstrate long‐term and high‐temperature stability at temperatures of up to 80 °C. This freedom of design is expected to access both novel device architectures and pairs of CTLs that remain usually inaccessible.
Highlights
High-efficiency perovskite-based solar cells can be fabricated via either recombination rates.[2,3] The widely tunable bandgap of these perovskites by solution-processing or vacuum-based thin-film deposition
The lamination of perovskite solar cells is a promising strategy to enable device architectures and material combinations in perovskite PV, which are inaccessible by conventional processing methods
The front half-stack (A) of the perovskite solar cell is processed on top of a glass substrate and the rear half-stack (B) of the perovskite solar cell is processed on top of a flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) foil
Summary
The lamination of perovskite solar cells is a promising strategy to enable device architectures and material combinations in perovskite PV, which are inaccessible by conventional processing methods. Compared to the laminated perovskite solar cells processed without the PTAA buffer layer, the mean device performance is enhanced by 6.9%abs (see Figure S3, Supporting Information). Compared to the laminated perovskite solar cells without the buffer layer, the devices demonstrate an increased FF (see Figures S3 and S5, Supporting Information), which is directly related to an improved shunt and series resistance. Wang et al recently reported on a two-step solution-based approach, where a micro-crystalline MAPbI3 film is processed on top of a nano-crystalline perovskite MAPbI3 film.[70] Cui et al demonstrated a perovskite–perovskite homojunction by thermally evaporating a p-type perovskite layer (MA-rich) on top of a solution-processed n-type perovskite layer (Pb-rich), efficiently reducing carrier recombination losses in the devices.[71] further combinations (e.g., different bandgaps) would be very interesting to investigate In this regard, the presented lamination process offers another valuable possibility to explore further combinations of multilayer perovskite thin films by facile lamination of the distinct perovskite layers via a hot pressing process. For perovskite-based tandem solar modules, the top perovskite half-stack could be prepared separately and subsequently laminated on top of the bottom solar cell to form a two-terminal tandem module
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