Abstract
Since their inception, additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been the go‐to methods for obtaining highly complex‐shaped rapid prototypes (RPs) and specialized parts, which were produced in small lot sizes. The AM technique of laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is an immensely convenient and cost‐effective method for quickly producing millimeter‐sized to meter‐sized parts, while incorporating micrometer‐sized constructive features. LOM machines offer an open work space, within which nontoxic and highly filled sheet materials can be processed at a high production velocity. The unique property profile of ceramic‐based materials from LOM may be indispensable for applications calling for materials that unite high temperature resistance, mechanical strength, and light weight. Optionally, local material functionalization may engender the electrical conductivity, chemical stability, ferroelectricity, radiation shielding, or filter membrane stability of a limited portion of the material. Herein, a detailed evaluation of the applicability of LOM in the near net shaping ceramic‐based materials is presented. Optional technical adjustments for the LOM process and extensions of the LOM machine configuration can improve the economic feasibility its operation. Previously successful LOM‐printed ceramic‐based materials are showcased within a comprehensive overview on the state of the art and potential novel composite materials are presented.
Highlights
Introduction onto folded paperFor the birth of LOM yet a second crafts tech-As it has been laid out by Beaman,[1] the history of laminated object manufacturing (LOM) begins with the patent of DiMatteo,[2] which had been filled 1974
While this Review focuses on ceramic-based materials obtained from LOM, it should be mentioned that the manufacturing flexibility of LOM allows for the production several types of materials that are significantly harder to obtain otherwise: 1) metal-based composites with adhesive interlayers made either from polymers, brazes, or solders, bonding metal layers which would be otherwise inherently difficult to be bonded to each other;[48,49,50] 2) cured resins or other types of polymers reinforced with fibers of any selected aspect ratio and inert material type;[43,51,52,53] 3) combinations of the described fiberreinforced polymers and metal layers as mixed composites.[54]
LOM offers unique characteristics, not given by the other additive manufacturing (AM) techniques: The sheet lamination (SL) techniques enable the rapid building of large-scaled multimaterial, FGM or ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) parts
Summary
While under-represented by industrial standards, LOM can offer considerable advantages when compared with the other AM techniques. Other AM techniques, namely, stereolithography (pink oval), material jetting by nanoparticle deposition (brown oval) or aerodynamically focused nanoparticle (AFN) deposition (purple oval) and DED by focused ion beam (FIB) or electron beam deposition (light green circle), are more limited in the assembly of AM part features While this Review focuses on ceramic-based materials obtained from LOM, it should be mentioned that the manufacturing flexibility of LOM allows for the production several types of materials that are significantly harder to obtain otherwise: 1) metal-based composites with adhesive interlayers made either from polymers, brazes, or solders, bonding metal layers which would be otherwise inherently difficult to be bonded to each other (e.g., aluminum sheet with an oxide passivation layer under certain circumstances);[48,49,50] 2) cured resins or other types of polymers reinforced with fibers of any selected aspect ratio and inert material type (e.g., single- or multiwalled carbon nanotubes or E-glass fibers);[43,51,52,53] 3) combinations of the described fiberreinforced polymers and metal layers as mixed composites.[54]. In the case that parts are designed as two-component laminates, made from fiber-reinforced composites and metal foils, the layers with reinforcing fibers could be oriented at certain angles with respect to other layers.[51]
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