Laminar flow heat transfer in a horizontal tube with internal freezing. Effects of flow acceleration and natural convection.

Abstract

Laminar flow heat transfer and ice formation phenomena in a horizontal tube with internal freezing are examined experimentally. The effect of flow acceleration accompanied with ice growth on local ice thickness is studied, and it is found that the ice thickness can be correlated by introducing an acceleration parameter of flow. The effect of natural convection in a horizontal tube with internal freezing on the heat transfer is also investigated. It is shown that the average Nusselt number in a horizontal tube with internal freezing is correlated by the equation reformed from Oliver's empirical formula for a horizontal tube without ice.