Abstract
2-Methylfuran (MF) has become very attractive due to the recent breakthrough in its production method using the process of dehydration and hydrogenolysis of fructose. MF–gasoline blended fuel has been considered as a potential choice of alternative fuel pathway for spark ignition (SI) engines, as have other biofuel blends. Isooctane is used to represent gasoline in fundamental studies of gasoline blended fuels, however, little is known about the laminar burning characteristics of MF–isooctane blended fuels. In this study, high-speed schlieren photography is used to investigate the laminar burning characteristics of gaseous MF–isooctane at varying temperatures and equivalence ratios with an initial pressure of 0.1MPa in a constant-volume vessel. The outwardly spherical flame method is used to determine the stretched flame speeds. The un-stretched flame speeds, Markstein lengths, Markstein number, laminar burning velocities and laminar burning flux of MF20 (20% MF and 80% isooctane) and MF50 (50% MF and 50% isooctane) under different equivalence ratios and temperatures are then deduced and compared to MF and isooctane. The results show that the un-stretched flame speeds and laminar burning velocities of MF20 and MF50 are between those of MF and isooctane under all conditions. The peak un-stretched flame speeds of the blends occur in an equivalence ratio range of 1.1–1.2 at all temperatures, closer to the case of MF at higher temperatures. Both blended fuels have Markstein lengths closer to isooctane at an equivalence ratio lower than 1.2 at all temperatures. The burning velocities of MF50 are very close to the average values for MF and isooctane, particularly at 393K. MF in the blended fuel presents larger effects on burning velocities at higher temperatures.
Highlights
Alternative bio-fuels present a potential pathway to provide sustainable–renewable sources and address the challenging issues of fossil fuel depletion and global warming
The results show that DMF can produce combustion and emission qualities competitive with gasoline and MF has more significant advantages when it is applied in a direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine
A gasoline direct injection (GDI) nozzle was mounted in the top cover of the vessel for fuel injection, which was driven by an ECU-computer system
Summary
Alternative bio-fuels present a potential pathway to provide sustainable–renewable sources and address the challenging issues of fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Previous research on alternative fuels has been wide ranging [1,2,3] and fuels that can be produced from celluloses have been considered as the most promising candidates. Ethanol has been thought of as the market-leading gasoline alternative [4,5,6] due to its mature mass. The properties of isooctane are presented here because isooctane has been used as a representative component for gasoline in many studies [14].
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