LAD: A Hybrid Deep Learning System for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Disorders Diagnostic

Abstract

Herein, we introduce “Look and Diagnose” (LAD), a hybrid deep learning-based system that aims to support doctors in the medical field for diagnosing effectively the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo</i> (BPPV) disorder. Given the body postures of the patient in the Dix-Hallpike and lateral head turns test, the visual information of both eyes is captured and fed into LAD for analyzing and classifying into one of six possible disorders which the patient might be suffering from. The proposed system consists of two streams: (1) an RNN-based stream that takes raw RGB images of both eyes to extract visual features and optical flow of each eye followed by ternary classification to determine left/right posterior canal (PC) or other; and (2) pupil detector stream that detects the pupil when it is classified as Non-PC and classifies the direction and strength of the beating to categorize the Non-PC types into the remaining four classes: <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Geotropic</i> BPPV (left and right) and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Apogeotropic</i> BPPV (left and right). Experimental results show that with the given body postures of the patient, the system is capable of accurately classifying given BPPV disorder into the six types of disorder with an accuracy of 91% on the validation set. The proposed method can successfully classify disorders with an accuracy of 93% for the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Posterior Canal</i> disorder and 95% for the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Geotropic</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Apogeotropic</i> disorder, paving a potential direction for research with the medical data.