Abstract
To enhance the power efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) or Grӓtzel cell, photosensitizer concentration must be fine-adjusted within the ultraviolet and near-infrared spectrum. In this study, evolutionary computing through genetic algorithm (GA) and evolutionary strategy (ES) was employed to determine the optimal combination of chlorophyll a and anthocyanin concentrated dyes extracted from cultivated Lactuca sativa var. Altima (green) and Rania (violet). ES configured with 0.6 selection rate, 0.08 Gaussian mutation rate, and 0.4 crossover rate generated the optimal dye concentration of 16.5% green and 83.5% violet yielding 24.093% efficiency in AM 1.5 sunlight intensity. It also exhibited the maximum short-circuit current (4.591 mA), open-circuit voltage (688.7 mV), filling factor (0.762), and power (3.162 mW). UV-Vis spectrophotometry confirmed that combining chlorophyll (663 nm) and anthocyanin (520 nm) pigments increases photon energy utilization. It is supported by the 2.39 eV optical energy bandgap and 2.009 Km−1 absorption coefficient of the ES-based cell. FTIR verified that no new bond or reaction was formed by combining pigments rather they coexist with each other allowing a broader light spectrum to excite the ground state electrons in the TiO2 layer. Thus, ES-combined dyes increased the efficiency by a factor of 9.965 and 2.299 from green and violet pigments respectively.
Published Version
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