Lactose intolerance prevalence in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional analytic study

Abstract

Background: Lactose intolerance is a common worldwide medical condition that affects around two-thirds of the global population, with variations across regions. South American, Asian, and African individuals tend to develop lactase deficiency, while northern Europe and northern Indians may maintain lactose digestion into adulthood. West African and Arab individuals also suffer from lactose intolerance. Research on lactose intolerance prevalence in Saudi Arabia can provide valuable data for the medical field and general population. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Riyadh region, the capital of Saudi Arabia. The study population consisted of 274 patients, with an age range from 18 years old to 70 years old. Results: Out of 274 patients, 45.3% tested positive for lactose intolerance. Males constituted 58% of the sample, and 30.3% of positive results were from male patients, while 15% were from females. A significant association was found between positive lactose tests and male gender (p < 0.05). Chronic conditions were present in 53.4% of patients, and 23.9% of them had positive lactose tests. A significant association was observed between positive lactose tests and medication use (p < 0.05). Regarding weight loss, 47.6% of patients with positive lactose tests experienced no weight loss, 19.2% reported weight loss, and 2% had stable weight. An association was found between positive lactose tests and weight loss (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study found significant associations between positive lactose test results and gender, medication use, weight loss, and abdominal pain, indicating lactose intolerance is a multifaceted condition influenced by multiple factors. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay and establish causality using longitudinal study designs.