Abstract
Simple SummaryType 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly spreading across the globe. The disease is linked to a disruption of gut microbiome. Probiotics are essential gut microbiota modulators proven to restore microbiota changes, thereby conferring health to its host. This study aimed to use probiotics (lactobacilli) and their metabolites as natural anti-diabetic therapy through the modulation of gut microbiota and inhibit diabetes-causing enzymes. Lactobacillus-treated high-fat diet mice showed lower blood glucose levels and body weight. Interestingly, our study also proved that the lactobacilli altered gut microbiota composition by suppressing opportunistic bacteria that are highly associated with metabolic diseases. Our findings substantiate the use of probiotics as natural anti-diabetic therapeutics.Obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) affects gut microbiota linked to the risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D). This study evaluates live cells and ethanolic extract (SEL) of Lactobacillus sakei Probio65 and Lactobacillus plantarum Probio-093 as natural anti-diabetic compounds. In-vitro anti-diabetic effects were determined based on the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The SEL of Probio65 and Probio-093 significantly retarded α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes (p < 0.05). Live Probio65 and Probio-093 inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively (p < 0.05). In mice fed with a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD), the SEL and live cells of both strains reduced body weight significantly compared to HFD control (p < 0.05). Probio-093 also improved blood glucose level compared to control (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota modulatory effects of lactobacilli on HFD-induced diabetic mice were analyzed with qPCR method. The SEL and live cells of both strains reduced phyla Deferribacteres compared to HFD control (p < 0.05). The SEL and live cells of Probio-093 promoted more Actinobacteria (phyla), Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella (genus) compared to control (p < 0.05). Both strains exerted metabolic-modulatory effects, with strain Probio-093 showing more prominent alteration in gut microbiota, substantiating the role of probiotics in gut microbiome modulations and anti-diabetic effect. Both lactobacilli are potential candidates to lessen obesity-linked T2D.
Highlights
Diabetes has become a global problem in recent years, and it is closely related to obesity
L. plantarum Probio-093 restricted the activity of α-GLU by 35% (p < 0.05)
Probio-093 are worthy to reduce obesity-linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) by progressing the gut microbiota. These data support a pivotal role of probiotics L. sakei Probio65 and L. plantarum
Summary
Diabetes has become a global problem in recent years, and it is closely related to obesity. Obesity originates from lifestyle changes and diets that include high-fat contents [1]. The issue of concern is about the obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) and its effect on the gut microbiota. One of the striking models gaining increased attention is the HFD-induced diabetic model in mice. Excess body fat is deposited around the cells and develops insulin resistance, and it is a sign of T2D [3]. When mice are fed with high fat diet for several weeks, their weight increases dramatically, and glucose level upraises. Hyperglycemia (high glucose level in the blood) usually develops within four weeks by continuous consumption of an HFD [4]. HFD’s excess contents of fats and carbs are the primary source of diabetes
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