Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 Alleviates Escherichia coli-Induced Inflammation via NF-κB and MAPKs Signaling in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells.

Jiawei Liu,Botong Li,Tianxiong Jin,Mingque Feng,Yaodi Ni,Mingchao Liu,Xiaowei Feng,Yan Sun

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.809674

Jiawei Liu, Botong Li + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.809674

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Abstract

Escherichia coli counts as a major endometritis-causing pathogen among dairy cows, which lowered the economic benefits of dairy farming seriously. Probiotic consumption has been reported to impart beneficial effects on immunomodulation. However, the inflammatory regulation mechanism of probiotics on endometritis in dairy cows remains unexplored. The current work aimed to clarify the mechanism whereby Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (L. rhamnosus GR-1) resists bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) inflammatory injury induced by E. coli. The model of cellular inflammatory injury was established in the BEECs, which comes from the uterus of healthy dairy cows using E. coli. The outcome of L. rhamnosus GR-1 addition on inflammation was evaluated in BEECs with E. coli-induced endometritis. The underlying mechanisms of anti-inflammation by L. rhamnosus GR-1 were further explored in E. coli-stimulated BEECs. In accordance with the obtained results, the use L. rhamnosus GR-1 alone could not cause the change of inflammatory factors, while L. rhamnosus GR-1 could significantly alleviate the expression of E. coli-induced inflammatory factors. Based on further study, L. rhamnosus GR-1 significantly hindered the TLR4 and MyD88 expression stimulated by E. coli. Moreover, we observed that in BEECs, L. rhamnosus GR-1 could inhibit the E. coli-elicited expressions of pathway proteins that are associated with NF-κB and MAPKs. Briefly, L. rhamnosus GR-1 can effectively protect against E. coli-induced inflammatory response that may be closely related to the inhibition of TLR4 and MyD88 stimulating NF-κB and MAPKs.

Highlights

Endometritis refers to the inflammation of the uterus, which is more likely to occur in a fresh cow
The results revealed that the growth rate of bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) was slow during 12–24 h
To further investigate the anti-inflammatory action of L. rhamnosus GR-1 against inflammation elicited by E. coli, we examined the levels of Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-kB) axis-associated proteins in BEECs challenged with L. rhamnosus GR-1 E. coli

Summary

Introduction

Endometritis refers to the inflammation of the uterus, which is more likely to occur in a fresh cow. This disease exerts a certain impact on the pregnancy percentage and milk output of dairy cows (Sheldon et al, 2006), and it significantly lowers the economic benefits derived from dairy cow breeding. A large body of literature has proved that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can prevent inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract (Reid et al, 2001; Collado et al, 2009). The pronounced effect of LAB in the treatment and prevention of endometritis in dairy cows has been demonstrated (Deng et al, 2015; Genıś et al, 2016). The exact mechanisms behind the impact of L. rhamnosus GR-1 on the inflammatory response remain unclear

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