Abstract
Pathogen-induced infectious diseases pose great threats to public health. Accordingly, many studies have investigated effective strategies targeting pathogenic infections. We previously reported the preventive effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 (ZS2058) and L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) against Salmonella spp. in a murine model. Here, we compared the mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of these Lactobacillus strains in vivo. Notably, reduced C-reactive protein levels were observed with both ZS2058 and LGG, which suggests abrogated anti-infection and inflammatory responses. ZS2058 more efficiently reduced the pathogenicity of Salmonella by increasing the level of propionic acid in feces and production of mucin 2 in the mouse colon and activity through the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-22 and IL-23/IL-17 pathways. Meanwhile, LGG more strongly alleviated gut inflammation, as indicated by changes in the levels of tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in infected mice. Moreover, both ZS2058 and LGG restored the levels of interferon (INF)-γ, a cytokine suppressed by Salmonella, albeit through different pathways. Our results demonstrate that ZS2058 and LGG prevent Salmonella infection via different mechanisms.
Highlights
Salmonella infection, or salmonellosis, is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is a significant public health concern worldwide
Our results demonstrate that pretreatment with either Lactobacillus strain could reduce C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in the sera of infected mice
Typhimurium SL1344 infection but decreased in mice that were pretreated with ZS2058 or L. rhamnosus GG (LGG)
Summary
Salmonella infection, or salmonellosis, is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is a significant public health concern worldwide. This problem is much more severe in developing countries because of the presence of contaminated food and water and poor sanitation facilities (Castillo et al, 2012). Salmonellosis is usually treated clinically with antibiotics. These drugs can cause side effects, including antibiotic resistance and enteric dysbacteriosis. Some strains of multi-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Other work has found that antibiotic therapy can Different Mechanisms to Prevent Infection exacerbate Salmonella-induced diarrhea and increase the period of pathogen shedding by at least 3 weeks (Neill et al, 1991). Novel and safe strategies for salmonellosis prevention are vitally important
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