Abstract
African classical swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread seriously around the world and has dealt with a heavy blow to the pig breeding industry due to the lack of vaccines. In this study, we produced recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) expressing an ASFV p54 and porcine IL-21 (pIL-21) fusion protein and evaluated the immune effect of NC8-pSIP409-pgsA'-p54-pIL-21 in a mouse model. First, we verified that the ASFV p54 protein and p54-pIL-21 fusion protein were anchored on the surface of L. plantarum NC8 by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Then, the results were verified by flow cytometry, ELISA and MTT assays. Mouse-specific humoral immunity and mucosal and T cell-mediated immune responses were induced by recombinant L. plantarum. The results of feeding mice recombinant L. plantarum showed that the levels of serum IgG and mucosal secreted IgA (SIgA), the number of CD4 and CD8 T cells, and the expression of IFN-γ in CD4 and CD8 T cells increased significantly, and lymphocyte proliferation occurred under stimulation with the ASFV p54 protein. Our data lay a foundation for the development of oral vaccines against ASFV in the future.
Highlights
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease that has caused great economic losses to the animal husbandry economy
Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used to bind to the target protein p54 and p54-porcine IL-21 (pIL-21) fusion protein and incubated with a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (HRP labelled) (Fig. 1B)
It is known that all kinds of African classical swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccines have not achieved good results, but some scholars have proposed the advantages and feasibility of subunit vaccines (Gaudreault and Richt 2019)
Summary
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease that has caused great economic losses to the animal husbandry economy. Since it was first discovered in Kenya in 1921, 68 countries have been affected by ASF. ASF entered China on August 3, 2018, causing great economic losses to China’s animal husbandry (Wang et al 2018a, b; Zhao et al 2019). ASFV is the only member of the genus Asfivirus in the Asfarviridae family and spreads between. ASFV infects wild and domestic pigs of all breeds and ages. The clinical manifestations of diseased pigs are fever, skin cyanosis, and obvious bleeding in lymph nodes, kidney, and gastrointestinal mucosa, and the mortality rate is as high as 100% (Muangkram et al 2015)
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