Abstract
Bacterial biofilm residing in the oral cavity is closely related to the initiation and persistence of various dental diseases. Previously, we reported the anti-biofilm activity of Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (Lp.LTA) on a representative dental cariogenic pathogen, Streptococcus mutans. Since LTA structure varies in a bacterial strain-specific manner, LTAs from various L. plantarum strains may have differential anti-biofilm activity due to their distinct molecular structures. In the present study, we isolated Lp.LTAs from four different strains of L. plantarum (LRCC 5193, 5194, 5195, and 5310) and compared their anti-biofilm effects on the dental pathogens, including S. mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus gordonii. All Lp.LTAs similarly inhibited E. faecalis biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. However, their effects on S. gordonii and S. mutans biofilm formation were different: LRCC 5310 Lp.LTA most effectively suppressed the biofilm formation of all strains of dental pathogens, while Lp.LTAs from LRCC 5193 and 5194 hardly inhibited or even enhanced the biofilm formation. Furthermore, LRCC 5310 Lp.LTA dramatically reduced the biofilm formation of the dental pathogens on the human dentin slice infection model. Collectively, these results suggest that Lp.LTAs have strain-specific regulatory effects on biofilm formation of dental pathogens and LRCC 5310 Lp.LTA can be used as an effective anti-biofilm agent for the prevention of dental infectious diseases.
Highlights
Bacterial biofilms are defined as the aggregation of microorganisms attached to a surface of various biotic and abiotic materials (Scharnow et al, 2019)
Since an antibody used for Western blot analysis recognizes the Gro-P backbone of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), the different migration of each LTA indicated that L. plantarum LRCC 5310 strain contained a broader size of Gro-P backbone than LTAs from other strains (Figure 1E)
We demonstrated that LRCC Lp.LTAs purified from four different strains of L. plantarum inhibited the biofilm formation of clinically isolated dental pathogens, including E. faecalis, S. gordonii, and S. mutans at in vitro level
Summary
Bacterial biofilms are defined as the aggregation of microorganisms attached to a surface of various biotic and abiotic materials (Scharnow et al, 2019). LTA Inhibits Dental Pathogenic Biofilms resistance to antibiotics and anti-microbial treatments than planktonic bacteria (Stewart, 2015) and can evade host immune responses, including phagocytosis by macrophages or neutrophils (Thurlow et al, 2011; Domenech et al, 2013) For these reasons, bacterial biofilm is considered as a major public health concern that limits treatment options for bacterial infections. Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus gordonii are considered as major Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic dental pathogens predominantly found in the oral cavity of patients with apical periodontitis or dental caries (Lee, 2017; Scharnow et al, 2019; Park et al, 2020) These dental pathogens can initiate and/or exacerbate the symptoms of the diseases by biofilm formation cooperating with other cariogenic or periodontopathic bacteria on root canal walls or dentin surfaces (Abranches et al, 2018; Park et al, 2020). Alternative strategies for controlling biofilm of dental pathogens with marginal adverse effects are urgently demanded to efficiently prevent and/or treat biofilm-related dental diseases
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