Abstract
Campylobacter is a normal inhabitant of the chicken gut. Pathogenic infection with this organism in humans is accompanied by severe inflammation of the intestinal mucosal surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) to inhibit the adhesion and invasion of Campylobacter jejuni in vitro and to suppress C. jejuni colonization of chicks in vivo. Pretreatment with LG2055 significantly reduced adhesion to and invasion of a human epithelial cell line, Intestine 407, by C. jejuni 81–176. Methanol (MeOH)-fixed LG2055 also reduced infection by C. jejuni 81–176. However, proteinase K (ProK)-treated LG2055 eliminated the inhibitory effects. Moreover, LG2055 co-aggregated with C. jejuni 81–176. ProK treatment prevented this co-aggregation, indicating that the co-aggregation phenotype mediated by the proteinaceous cell-surface components of LG2055 is important for reducing C. jejuni 81–176 adhesion and invasion. In an in vivo assay, oral doses of LG2055 were administered to chicks daily for 14 days after oral inoculation with C. jejuni 81–176. At 14 days post-inoculation, chicks treated with LG2055 had significantly reduced cecum colonization by C. jejuni. Reduction in the number of C. jejuni 81–176 cells adhering to and internalized by human epithelial cells demonstrated that LG2055 is an organism that effectively and competitively excludes C. jejuni 81–176. In addition, the results of the chick colonization assay suggest that treatment with LG2055 could be useful in suppressing C. jejuni colonization of the chicks at early growth stages.
Highlights
Campylobacter jejuni infection, which leads to gastroenteritis in humans, is one of the leading causes of enteric bacterial infections [1,2,3]
To evaluate C. jejuni 81–176 inhibition caused by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055), we focused on the proteinaceous cell surface components of LG2055 that were involved in inhibition by examining the effects of ProKtreated LG2055 on C. jejuni 81–176 invasion and adhesion
LG2055 possesses a variety of probiotic activities and roles, including production of bacteriocin [39], inducing suppression of the number of fecal staphylococci [22], protection against influenza A virus infection [24], regulating adipose tissue growth in rats [40], and exerting an anti-obesity effect in humans [41]
Summary
Campylobacter jejuni infection (campylobacteriosis), which leads to gastroenteritis in humans, is one of the leading causes of enteric bacterial infections [1,2,3]. C. jejuni colonization in the ileum and colon can interfere with normal functions of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Epithelial cell adhesion and invasion of the GI tract by the pathogen play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease and are associated with other well defined disease traits, including induction of cell death and disruption of mucosal barrier function [2], [4,5,6,7,8]. Preventing C. jejuni adhesion to and invasion of human epithelial cells is critical for reducing campylobacteriosis. Chickens are a natural host for Campylobacter species, in particular, C. jejuni.
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