Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Germinated Brown Rice Suppresses Preneoplastic Lesions of the Colon in Rats.

Sing-Chung Li,Chun-Kuang Shih,Han-Pei Lin,Jung-Su Chang

doi:10.3390/nu11112718

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer associated with chronic inflammation. Whole grains and probiotics play a protective role against CRC. Fermented grains are receiving increased attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Our previous study found that a combination of germinated brown rice (GBR) with probiotics suppressed colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. However, the cancer-preventive effect of probiotic-fermented GBR has not been reported. This study investigated the preventive effect and possible mechanism of GBR fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (FGBR) on colorectal carcinogenesis in rats induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DMH/DSS treatment induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, as well as decreased pro-apoptotic Bax expression. GBR and FGBR reduced the primary ACF number and decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels. GBR and FGBR at the 2.5% level increased pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and decreased anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions. FGBR at the 2.5% level further reduced the number of sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF) and increased Bax expression. These results suggest that FGBR may inhibit preneoplastic lesions of the colon via activating the apoptotic pathway. This fermented rice product may have the potential to be developed as a novel dietary supplement for CRC chemoprevention.

Highlights

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of incidence and second in terms of mortality among all cancers in the world [1]
The present study showed that FGBR at the 2.5% level significantly reduced the number of SIM-aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and there was no mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in this group
The present study shows that FGBR, the germinated brown rice fermented by

Summary

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of incidence and second in terms of mortality among all cancers in the world [1]. The rise in CRC incidence is related to dietary patterns, obesity and some lifestyle factors [1]. Chronic inflammation is considered among the hallmarks of cancer [2]. CRC is among the best examples of cancer closely associated with chronic inflammation, which can be present from the initiation of cancer [2]. Several studies show that key inflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Akt/PI3K) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), are targets of probiotics or their products [3]. Metabolites of probiotics exhibit good anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties

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