Lactancia materna, obesidad y síndrome metabólico en la edad escolar

Abstract

Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) can be a protective factor against obesity and its associated metabolic complications. Objective: To determine the association between breastfeeding history and present obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR). Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 20 public schools in Santiago, Chile. Anthropometry and blood pressure were assessed. Blood lipids, glucose, insulin and HOMA index were measured in a fast blood sample. Parents answered a survey on BF. MS was defined according to Cook´s criteria and IR as HOMA > 90th percentile. Parents answered a survey about the antecedent of breastfeeding. Chi2 and Fischer tests were used (SSPS). Results: 3,278 surveys were valid. Average age: 11.4 ± 1 years, 52.3% were female. Most of them (98.2%) were breasted, with a 15.9% prevalence of obesity versus 18.6% in the group that was not breastfed (p = 0.039). There was a non-significant trend of higher prevalence in MS and its components (except IR) in the non-breastfed group. The group breastfed from three to six months hadma lower prevalence of obesity and MS components than the 0 to 3 months group ; the effect was the opposite when BF lsted longer than nine months. Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity was higher in children that did not received breastfeeding. A longer breastfeeding time during the first semester of life was associated with lower prevalence of obesity and metabolic complications.